Inflammatory Marker Testing – MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-9)

Overview:

MMP-9 testing is a quick, in-office diagnostic tool used to detect inflammation on the ocular surface. Elevated MMP-9 levels are commonly associated with dry eye disease, particularly in its inflammatory forms. This test helps guide treatment decisions by identifying whether inflammation is contributing to a patient’s symptoms.

What is MMP-9?
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is an enzyme that breaks down extracellular tissue during inflammatory responses. When elevated on the ocular surface, it indicates active inflammation and can contribute to:

• Tear film instability

• Epithelial barrier disruption

• Corneal surface damage

Procedure Description:

1. Sample Collection:
   A small, sterile sampling device (similar to a swab) is gently dabbed on the inferior palpebral conjunctiva to collect a tear sample. This is quick, painless, and non-invasive.

2. Testing Process:
   The sample is applied to a point-of-care test strip, such as InflammaDry. After a few minutes, the test strip reveals results:

   • Positive result: Elevated MMP-9 levels (>40 ng/mL), indicating inflammation

   • Negative result: Normal MMP-9 levels

3. Interpretation and Use:
   A positive MMP-9 result supports the presence of inflammatory dry eye and may lead to:

   • Initiation or adjustment of anti-inflammatory treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine, lifitegrast)

   • More targeted and effective dry eye management

Clinical Value:
MMP-9 testing enables:

• Personalized dry eye treatment

• Identification of inflammation even before structural damage becomes visible

• More accurate diagnosis in patients with non-specific symptoms

Why It's Important:
Dry eye disease can have multiple causes. MMP-9 testing helps differentiate inflammatory from non-inflammatory dry eye, ensuring patients receive the right treatment at the right time.